#Note/Permanent #Productivity/TaskManagement/TaskSwitching #CognitiveScience N-2 repetition cost refers to the observed decline in performance, such as increased response times and higher error rates, when a sequence involves switching from task A to task B and then back to task A, as opposed to n-2 switches, where the sequence goes from task A to task B then to a different task C. This phenomenon is intriguing because one might intuitively expect returning to task A (after task B) to be easier due to prior engagement with task A, suggesting a priming effect. However, the n-2 repetition paradigm reveals that actively disengaging from task A (to perform task B) triggers an inhibitory process against task A. When returning to this inhibited task, performance deteriorates. This inhibitory process, once initiated, gradually decays over time. It's crucial to note that n-2 repetition costs and [[Switch Cost|switch costs]] are distinct phenomena, as supported by both empirical and neuropsychological data. Interestingly, adjustments in preparation time do not significantly affect n-2 repetition costs under most conditions, which contrasts with the effects of [[Task Preparation|task preparation]] on reducing switch costs. According to fMRI data, it might suggest that the right prefrontal cortex may be more involved in inhibiting task sets, while the left prefrontal cortex may play a crucial role in the selection and activation of [[Task Set|task sets]]. In summary, the n-2 repetition cost illustrates the cognitive process of **task inhibition**, whereas switch costs relate to **task activation**. Both phenomena contribute to variations in cognitive performance, highlighting the complexity of task management and cognitive control. ### reference [Control and interference in task switching -- A review](https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-17510-006)